What is the only court created directly by the Constitution?

The only court created directly by the Constitution is the Supreme Court. The framers of the Constitution established the Supreme Court in Article III, which outlines the judicial branch of the government. This inclusion created a framework for a national judiciary that was meant to be independent from the other branches of government and to uphold the Constitution as the supreme law of the land.

Other courts, such as the District Courts and the Court of Appeals, were established later through legislation passed by Congress. These lower courts were created to function under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and to handle cases that fall within federal law, but they do not have the same constitutional standing as the Supreme Court. The Constitutional Court is not a term typically associated with a specific court in the United States but could refer generically to courts that deal with constitutional issues. Therefore, the Supreme Court is unique in its direct establishment by the Constitution itself, giving it a foundational role in the American legal system.