What does social contract theory primarily address?

Social contract theory fundamentally explores the relationship between the state and its citizens. This theory posits that individuals consent, either explicitly or implicitly, to form a society and establish a government to protect their rights and maintain order. In essence, it suggests that the authority of the state derives from the consent of the governed, and there is an inherent expectation of mutual responsibilities: the state must protect the rights of the citizens, and in turn, citizens must obey the laws established by that state.

By focusing on this relationship, social contract theory addresses critical topics such as the legitimacy of governmental authority, the nature of rights and freedoms, and the obligations of individuals within a society. The theory has been influential in political philosophy and has laid the groundwork for modern concepts of democracy and governance. Understanding this dynamic is crucial for grasping how governments are justified in their power and how citizens can hold them accountable.